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报告导航：研究报告— TMT产业—电子半导体
2007-2008年全球手机产业链研究报告
字数:10.2万 页数:390 图表数:355
中文电子版:12000元 中文纸版:11000元 发布日期:2008-06
英文电子版:3000美元 英文纸版:2800美元
编号:CA048 附件:下载 购买报告

　　手机里的元件可以分为四大类。

　　第一大类是主动元件。所谓主动元件是指通电后物理或者化学特性发生变化的元件，主动元件主要是半导体元件和显示屏。半导体元件占手机成本的50%以上，大部分被欧美企业把持。主要包括基频、内存、应用处理器、电源管理、射频、相机模组。基频又可以分为模拟基频和数字基频，通常两者集成在一起，也有分开的。

　　基频是手机中最核心的部分，也是技术含量最高的部分，全球只有极少数厂家拥有此项技术，包括德州仪器（主要供应诺基亚和索尼爱立信）、NXP（主要供应三星）、飞思卡尔（主要供应摩托罗拉）、杰尔（AGERE，主要供应三星）、联发科（主要供应大陆厂家）、ADI（主要供应LG和夏普）、高通(CDMA 基频霸主，市场占有率超过80%)、爱立信移动平台、英飞凌、博通（Broadcom）、SKYWORKS，东芝，NEC。

　　基频之外，内存通常是第二贵的半导体元件，在高价位手机里，内存通常是第一贵的元件，主要供应厂家有三星、SPANSION、英特尔、东芝、意法半导体。射频主要功率放大器和收发器，功率放大器主要供应厂家有RFMD，SKYWORKS，瑞萨，飞思卡尔。收发器主要供应厂家有高通、意法半导体、英飞凌、德州仪器、瑞萨、菲利普、RFMD、SKYWORKS。

　　半导体元件厂家门槛很高，特别在射频和模拟IC领域，欧美厂家占据绝对主导地位，也是毛利率最高的领域，平均毛利率在30-40%之间。而牵涉到模拟IC的毛利率最高达70%，是电子行业里毛利率最高的部分。台湾的联发科是最近的大黑马，横扫中国手机市场，最近又打入LG供应链，其毛利率也在40%以上。

　　第二大类是被动元件，通电后不发生物理或者化学变化的元件，主要包括电容、电感和电阻。手机里用的电容是特殊的MLCC电容，电阻和电感也是特殊的片式电感和电阻。主要供应厂家是日本和台湾厂家，包括日本厂家村田、TDK、京瓷、太阳诱电、松下、罗姆，台湾厂家国巨，大毅、旺诠、奇力新和华新科技。被动元件领域日本厂家占据高端产品，低端产品都由台湾厂家提供。台湾一步步地侵蚀日本 厂家的地盘，迫使日本厂家不断地提高技术来发展高端的产品。台湾人的毛利率稍低，大约在10%左右，日本人的毛利率大约15-20%。

　　第三大类是结构件，主要是手机外壳和PCB板。手机外壳主要生产厂家有台湾绿点、贝尔罗斯、Nalato、Nypro、富士康、赫比、Unikun、彼恩特等。PCB板则台湾厂家居多，有华通、欣兴、耀华。日本的Ibiden揖斐电、 CMK、 Multek。大陆的依利安达、超声电子。

　　手机外壳行业看似简单，实际门槛很高，尤其是超薄手机的外壳，同时还要考虑电磁辐射，全球能达到这个水平的不超过15家。毛利率相对半导体不高，大约20%。不过市场集中度很高，贝尔罗斯是全球第一。

　　PCB行业是台湾厂家和日本厂商天下，高档产品日本厂商包揽，台湾厂商负责低档产品，不过最近进步很快。台湾的手机PCB产量占到全球的40%左右。PCB行业刚刚回暖，毛利率大约10%。

　　第四大类是功能元件，如电声元件、振动马达、显示屏、电池、天线。显示屏是占成本比例相当高的元件，显示屏可以分为两道工序，第一道工序的产品是面板，面板再经过一道工序成为模块。国内绝大多数厂家都是模块厂家。面板厂家大多是台湾和日韩厂家，包括三星、三星SDI、京东方、夏普、爱普生三洋、东芝松下显示、索尼丰田ST-LCD。台湾厂家有友达、胜华。由于大量新生产线加入，显示屏的价格狂跌，厂家的毛利率也大降。大约10%左右。

　　电声元件厂家主要有：松下部品、 Hosiden星电、可立新、日本丰达电机、 美律、 飞利浦、 美隆、志丰、宣威、 Knowles Acoustics、江苏远宇电子、深圳凌嘉、杭州声源电子、宁波向阳集团、浙江天乐集团。毛利率相对比较低，例如台湾最大的美律，2006年3季度的毛利率不到7%。电池则有比亚迪、飞毛腿、三洋能源、索尼化学、TCL金能。这是市场集中度最高的领域，日本厂家依靠的是先进的技术和超过10亿日元的生产线。中国企业则依靠低廉的劳动力来置换高昂的生产线。比亚迪和三洋能源的合计市场占有率超过50%。毛利率大约15%。

2007年全球前14大手机品牌厂家销量（单位：万部）
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2007年全球排名前15位手机厂家产量（单位：百万部）
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The components of a mobile phone can be divided into four major categories.

The first category is the active components. The so-called active components, mainly composed of semiconductor and display, refer to those whose physical and chemical properties change when electrified. More than 50 percent of the total cost of a mobile phone comes from semiconductor, production of which is under the control of European and American companies. The active components include baseband, memory, application processor, power management, RF and camera module. Baseband can be classified into analog baseband and digital baseband, the two of which are as usual integrated and sometimes isolated.

Baseband is the key component of a mobile phone with the highest technical content. Only a few manufacturers possess the technology, including TI (a major supplier for Nokia and SonyEricsson), NXP (a key supplier for Samsung), Freescale (a main supplier for Motorola), Agere (a key supplier for Samsung), MTK (a main supplier for producers on Mainland China), ADI (a key supplier for LG and Sharp), Qualcomm (a leader in CDMA baseband with a market share of over 80%), EMP, Infineon, Broadcom, Skyworks, Toshiba and NEC.

Apart from baseband, memory is the second most expensive semiconductor component. In the high-priced handset, memory is the most expensive component, whose suppliers consist of Samsung, Spansion, Intel, Toshiba and STMicroelectronics. RF mainly includes power amplifier and transceiver, key power amplifier suppliers are composed of RFMD, Skyworks, Renesas and Freescale, while major transceiver suppliers include Qualcomm, STMicroelectronics, Infineon, TI, Renesas, Philips, RFMD and Skyworks.

Semiconductor component producers have a high threshold particularly in RF and analog IC fields with the highest gross profit margins, the global market of which is controlled by American and European manufacturers. The average gross profit margin is between 30% and 40%, and the gross profit margin of analog IC reaches 70%, the highest in the electronic industry. MTK is a recent dark horse in the market, grabbing vigorously handset market on the mainland, and it has got access to the supply chain of LG. The gross profit margin of MTK is also above 40%.

The second category is the passive components, which refer to the components that do not have physical and chemical changes when electrified, mainly including capacitor, inductor and resistor. Capacitor inside a mobile phone is a special MLCC capacitor, and resistor and inductor are also special chip inductor and chip resistor. The major suppliers include Murata, TDK, Kyocera, Taiyo Yuden, Panasonic and Rohm from Japan and Yageo, TA-I, Ralec, Chilisin and Walsin from Taiwan. In the field of passive components, the Japanese manufacturers dominate the high-end market, while the Taiwanese counterparts control the low-end market. The Taiwanese producers are eroding the market of Japanese producers, forcing the latter to continuously upgrade its technology to develop high-end products. The gross profit margin of Taiwanese producers remains at about 10%, while that of Japanese manufacturers is at about 15-20%.

The third category is the structure components, which mainly refer to mobile phone cases and PCB board. Producers of mobile phone case include Green Point, Perlos, Nalato, Nypro, Foxconn, HI-P, Unikun and Biente, while PCB manufacturers are composed of Compeq, Unimicron and Unitech from Taiwan, Ibiden, CMK and Multek from Japan, and Elec&Eltek Group and Elec & Eltek and Ultrasonic Electronics Corp. from Mainland China.

Mobile phone case sector seems simple but actually it has a very high threshold. In particular, the design of ultra-thin handset has to consider how to control electromagnetic radiation, and at present fewer than 15 manufacturers in the world could do it. The gross profit margin of mobile phone case producers is 20% or so. Yet, the market is highly concentrated, with Perlos currently ranking the first in the world.

PCB market is monopolized by vendors from Taiwan and Japan. The high-end market is dominated by the Japanese producers, while the Taiwanese counterparts control low-end market. However, the Taiwanese producers have made much progress in recent years and their PCB production accounts for around 40% of the global total. PCB sector is experiencing a recovery and its gross profit margin is about 10%.

The fourth category refers to the functional components like electro-acoustic component, vibrating motor, display, battery and antenna. Display is a component taking up a very big proportion to the total cost of a mobile phone. Display has two working procedures, the first of which is to produce a panel, and the second is to make the panel into a module. Most the manufacturers on Mainland China are the module producers, while panel manufacturers include AUO and Wintek from Taiwan, Samsung and Samsung SDI from South Korea, and Kyocera, Sharp, Epson Sanyo, Toshiba-Panasonic Display, and Sony-Toyota ST-LCD from Japan. With the addition of many new production lines, the prices of display have dropped sharply and the gross profit margin of producers has declined to about 10%.

Acoustic component producers consist of Panasonic Electronic Devices, Hosiden, Cookson, Foster Electric, Merry, Philips, Mayloon, Kingsate Electronics, Xuanwei, Knowles Acoustics, Yuanyu Electronic, Shenzhen Linjia Electroacoustic, Hangzhou Shengyuan Electronics, Ningbo Xiangyang Group and Zhejiang Tianle Group. Its gross profit margin is relatively low. For instance, the gross profit margin of Merry, the largest producer of acoustic component in Taiwan province, was less than 7% in the third quarter of 2006. Battery manufacturers are composed of BYD, SCUD, Sanyo Energy, Sony Chemical and TCL Hyperpower Batteries Inc. The battery market has the highest degree of concentration. The Japanese manufacturers rely on its advanced technology and the production lines valued at JPY1 billion, while the Chinese counterparts exchange its cost-effective labor force for expensive production lines. BYD and Sanyo Energy take up more than 50% of the global market share and their gross profit margin is about 15%.


Sales of Global Top 14 Mobile Phone Brands, 2007
(unit: 10,000)
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Source: ResearchInChina

Output of Global Top 15 Mobile Phone Manufacturers, 2007
(unit: million)
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Source: ResearchInChina
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