2011年全球及中国FPSO行业研究报告 >> 水清木华研究中心

　　海洋工程设备中包括勘探设备、钻井设备、生产设备和辅助设备。生产平台也分为固定式生产平台和浮式生产平台。目前市场主流是浮式生产平台，主要包括张力腿式生产平台（TLP）、单圆柱式生产平台（SPAR）、半潜式生产平台（SEMI）、浮式生产存储及卸货装备（FPSO）。

　　浮式生产平台中以FPSO数量最多，大约占60%，其次是SEMI，再次是TLP和SPAR。SEMI主要用在北海和南美海域，TLP和SPAR则大多数位于美国墨西哥湾（GOM）。未来增长潜力最大的是FPSO。

　　截止2011年12月1日，全球有187艘FPSO在运营，其中由运营商运营的有108艘，石油公司（PC）运营的有79艘。其中西非海域的FPSO数量最多，达到44艘，其次是南美海域，达到39艘，其次是英国和中国海域，都有17艘。此外，澳大利亚海域有16艘，越南海域9艘，印尼和挪威海域各8艘。大约60%的FPSO是改造（Conversion）的，40%是新建的。

　　大型石油公司当中，巴西石油（Petrobras）拥有最多的FPSO，达到16艘，还有8艘已经下单。2012-2015年，Petrobras将有17艘FPSO投入运营。中海油则有14艘FPSO，不过近期没有新增FPSO的计划。中海油的深海石油开发目前仅处于早期勘探阶段。法国的道达尔拥有6艘FPSO，有5艘都在西非海域。道达尔计划到2017年新增5艘FPSO，都位于西非海域。美国的石油公司集中在墨西哥湾和陆上（Onshore）油田项目，SHELL集中在LNG领域，大手笔投资50亿美元打造全球首艘LNG-FPSO，对于普通的FPSO兴趣不大。

　　浮式生产平台主要集中在西非、南美、东南亚与澳大利亚、墨西哥湾、北海。西非海域集中在尼日利亚、安哥拉、赤道几内亚和刚果。这四国中，安哥拉政局稳定，发展最为迅速。其余三国，正是由于政局不稳才促使FPSO取代固定平台和石油管道，因为后者极容易受到人为破坏。FPSO的安全系数要高得多，且投资小，见效快。

　　南美海域主要是Petrobras控制，Petrobras是巴西政府企业。巴西政府希望本地企业能从海洋石油开发中获得最大利益。2009年，Petrobras为8艘FPSO招标，共有5组厂家竞标。参与竞标的有全球最大的FPSO改造企业Keppel、全球最大的FPSO运营商SBM Offshore，全球第一大造船企业现代重工。这些企业都与巴西当地企业组成联盟竞标，但是这些企业都太强大，最终中标的是瑞典GVA和巴西Engevix组成的联盟中标, 该项目总造价高达34.6亿美元，之所以选择GVA，是因为该公司只是一家设计公司。

　　墨西哥湾水域环境恶劣，TLP和SPAR是最佳选择，通常都选择TLP。北海和墨西哥湾类似，不过北海油田可开发年限已经不长，多以SEMI为主。东南亚与澳大利亚海域，印尼和越南开发石油资源的意愿非常强烈，尤其是越南。澳大利亚集中在西北海域，天然气田比较多。北冰洋海域实际也具备潜力，不过环境恶劣，将来将是FPSO的乐土。

　　全球大约60%的FPSO是油轮改造而来。一般来说可开采时间超过20年的油田都倾向于选择新建FPSO，可开采时间低于15年的都选择改造油轮。新建FPSO的造价大约3到5亿美元，改造油轮大约0.5到2亿美元。为了防止大型单壳(Single hull)油轮因海难而引起污染环境事件，IMO把2003年12月所立有关 “依期取消单壳油轮”法案从2015年提前于 2010年开始执行。FPSO为大批单壳油轮寻求重生提供了机遇。

　　进行FPSO 改装时，油轮的尺度、船龄和结构都是至关重要的因素。1990年以前建造的油轮技术落后，不合适做FPSO。FPSO目前都超大容量方向发展，尤其是西非海域，准备改造的油轮达到25万吨DWT才适合改装。

　　FPSO运营商大多是从事油轮运输或LNG运输业务起家，拥有数量庞大的船队（Fleet）。BW Offshore、MODEC、TEEKAY、SBM Offshore、Maersk、Fred. Olsen都是如此，这些企业拥有丰富的海上生产经验，是大型石油公司无法取代它们的主要原因。这些企业也因此享受丰厚的利润，其EBITDA利润率通常都在35%以上。

Offshore engineering equipment consists of exploration equipment, drilling facility, production equipment and auxiliary equipment. Production platforms include fixed platforms and floating platforms, and the latter are the mainstream in the current market, mainly including tension-leg platform (TLP), spar platform (SPAR), semi-submersible platform (SEMI) and floating production, storage and offloading equipment (FPSO).

With respect to the number of floating production platforms, FPSO accounts for approximately 60%, ranking first, followed by SEMI, TLP and SPAR. SEMI is mainly applied in the North Sea and South American waters, while TLP and SPAR are mostly located in Gulf of Mexico (GOM). FPSO is likely to be the most promising one in the future.

As of December 1, 2011, there are 187 FPSOs in operation around the world, of which 108 FPSOs are run by operators and the rest 79 FPSOs are operated by petroleum companies. The number of FPSOs in West African waters hits 44, ranking No. 1, and that in South American waters, British and Chinese waters reaches 39, 17 and 17, respectively. Moreover, 16 FPSOs are situated in Australian waters, 9 FPSOs in Vietnamese waters and 8 FPSOs in Indonesian and Norwegian waters separately. Around 60% of FPSOs are conversions, and 40% are newly-built ones.

Among large petroleum companies, Petrobras possesses 16 FPSOs, ranking No. 1, and has ordered another 8 FPSOs. From 2012 to 2015, Petrobras will launch 17 FPSOs into operation. CNOOC now owns 14 FPSOs and does not plan to add any more recently. CNOOC is still at the infancy stage of deep-sea oil exploration and development. French Total has 6 FPSOs, 5 of which are located in West African waters, and the company plans to add 5 FPSOs by 2017 in West African waters. The petroleum companies in USA are mainly engaged in GOM and onshore oil field projects. SHELL focuses on the LNG area, has poured USD5 billion into building the world’s first LNG-FPSO and shown little interest in ordinary FPSO.

Floating production platforms are principally centralized in the waters of West Africa, South America, Southeast Asia and Australia, GOM and the North Sea. And those in West African waters are mainly centered in Nigeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea and Congo. Among these four countries, Angola has witnessed the fastest development due to its political stability, while in other three countries, the political unrest has promoted the replacement of fixed platforms and oil pipelines by FPSOs, because fixed platforms and oil pipelines are extremely vulnerable to sabotage while FPSO features high safety factor, small investment and quick economic returns.

The South American waters are mainly controlled by government-owned Petrobras. The Brazilian government hopes that local enterprises will become the biggest beneficiaries of offshore oil exploitation. In 2009, Petrobras invited bidding for 8 FPSOs, and 5 groups of manufacturers were involved in the bidding. The bidders included Keppel, the world’s largest FPSO conversion enterprise, SBM Offshore, the world’s largest FPSO operator and Hyundai Heavy Industries, the world’s largest shipbuilder. All these enterprises formed alliance with Brazilian companies, but they were too powerful to be chosen by the Brazilian government. Finally, the alliance of Swedish GVA and Brazilian Engevix won the bid which totaled USD3.46 billion. GVA was chosen because it’s just a design company.

Because of the harsh environment conditions of GOM, TLP and SPAR become the best option and TLP is generally adopted. The North Sea is similar to GOM in environment, and SEMI is mostly employed, for the development of oil field may not last long. In the sea waters of Southeast Asia and Australia, Indonesia and Vietnam, especially the latter, show strong willingness in the exploitation of oil resource, while more natural gas fields are in northwest Australian waters. Arctic waters also have great potential and will be the paradise for FPSO because of its harsh environment.

Approximately 60% of FPSOs are converted from oil tankers. Generally speaking, the oil fields which can be explored for more than 20 years will tend to be equipped with new FPSOs, while the oil fields which can be exploited for less than 15 years tend to opt for converted tankers. A newly-built FPSO costs around USD300-500 million, while a converted tanker costs USD50-200 million. In order to prevent large single-hull tankers from polluting the environment in case of shipwreck, IMO decided to advance the implementation of the phase-out scheme for single hull tankers proposed in December 2003 from 2015 to 2010. FPSO offers an opportunity for the revival of single-hull tankers.

Such factors as vessel size, age and structure are essential in the FPSO conversion. The tanker built before 1990 is backward in technology and is inappropriate to be converted into FSPO. FPSO develops towards ultra-large capacity, especially in West African waters, where only the tanker with a capacity of 250,000 DWT or above is proper to be converted into FPSO.

FPSO operators mostly start up and thrive from tanker or LNG transportation business and have a huge number of fleets. BW Offshore, MODEC, TEEKAY, SBM Offshore, Maersk and Fred. Olsen are such operators. With extensive experience in offshore production, these enterprises cannot be replaced by large petroleum companies, and are able to enjoy rich profits, with EBITDA margin generally surpassing 35%.

1930-2030年全球石油供应来源
2000-2030年全球海洋深水浅水石油供应
2006-2015年全球深水区投资额
全球深水油田开发区
2000-2014年全球超深水钻井平台数量
2010年全球能源供应分布类型
1960-2020年全球油价与海洋石油开发项目数量
1980-2020年全球油田产量区域分布
1996-2011.4全球浮式生产平台新订单数量国别分布
截止2011年上半年全球浮动平台服役期超过10年的平台类型分布
FPSO上部模块
FPSO上部模块流程图
2010年全球深水石油生产平台厂家分布
2011年12月全球FPSO运营商FPSO运营数量
2011年12月全球FPSO数量地域分布
2011年12月全球石油公司FPSO运营数量
2010年8月全球FPSO运营地图
2004-2011年MODEC收入与运营利润
2004-2011年MODEC收入与净利润
2004-9M/2011年MODEC收入与新订单
2007-2011年上半年MODEC在手订单
2006-2011年SBM OFFSHORE收入与运营利润率
SBM OFFSHORE运营模式
2006-2010年SBM OFFSHORE EBIT业务分布
2006-2010年SBM OFFSHORE新订单业务分布
2006-2010年SBM OFFSHORE收入业务分布
2006-2010年SBM OFFSHORE在手订单
2009-2010年SBM OFFSHORE收入国别分布
2007-2011年BW Offshore收入与EBITDA率
2011年11月底BW Offshore FPSO全球分布
2011年BW Offshore客户分布
2006-2011年Teekay收入与运营利润率
Teekay关联公司结构
2008-2011年 Bumi Armada收入与EBITDA率
Bumi Armada全球分布
2010年3季度、2011年 Bumi Armada收入部门分布
2011年3季度 Bumi Armada在手订单部门分布
2006-2011年Petrobras收入与毛利率
2010年巴西石油EBITDA部门分布
2010年巴西石油验证储量水深分布
1980-2010年巴西石油产量水深分布
2010-2015巴西石油主要项目
2004-2010年巴西石油在Campos Basin新增生产设施
2010-2015年巴西石油在Campos Basin新增生产设施
2011-2016年巴西石油SANTOS盐下油田（Pre-salt）项目
2008-2017年巴西石油盐下油田开发阶段
2011-2020年巴西石油新船、FPSO、钻井平台需求量
2011-2015年巴西FPSO船运营计划
Royal Dutch Shell全球油田分布
2011-2020年Royal Dutch Shell主要开发项目
2006-2010年中海油收入与运营利润率
2011年12月中海油探明储量（Proved Reserves）地域分布
2004-2015年全球FPS投资地域分布
2004-2015年全球FPSO投资地域分布
2004-2015年全球FPS-Semi 投资地域分布
2000-2011年FPSO新建与改造数量
2003-2015年全球FPS合同数量地域分布
2011-2015年全球FPS合同数量类型分布
2004-2015年非洲与地中海FPS分布类型
2011-2015年非洲与地中海FPSO合同数量
2004-2015年亚太地区FPS投资分布类型
2011-2015年亚太地区FPS合同量分布类型
2004-2015年北美FPS投资分布类型
2004-2015年南美FPS投资分布类型
2011-2015年南美地区FPS合同量分布类型
2004-2015年LNG-FPSO市场规模
2004-2015年全球FPS投资分布类型
2003-2011年FPSO船体主要承建商市场占有率
2003-2011年FPSO船体主要承建商市场占有率
2003-2011年FPSO上层模块主要承建商市场占有率
2003-2011年FPSO上层模块主要承建商市场占有率
2008-2011年11月FPSO项目承建商市场占有率
2000-2011年全球FPS-SEMI新订单厂家分布
2005-2011年三星重工收入与运营利润率
2006-2010年三星重工收入业务分布
2006-2011 Oct三星重工在手定单（Backlog）金额
三星重工新订单类型分布
2006-2011Oct三星重工新订单类型分布
2011 Oct三星重工在手定单（Backlog）类型分布
2011 Oct三星重工在手定单（Backlog）地域分布
三星重工全球分布
2005-2011年现代重工收入与运营利润率
2010年现代重工收入部门分布
2005-2011年现代重工收入部门分布
2001-2011年现代重工造船新订单金额
2001-2011年现代重工造船销售额与新订单金额
2010年现代重工造船业务收入产品分布
2011年7月现代重工新订单船型分布
2011年7月现代重工在手订单船型分布
2007-2011年现代重工各工厂造船出货量吨位
2007-2011年现代重工各工厂造船量
2005-2011年现代重工海洋工程收入与新订单额
2010年现代重工收入产品分布
2007-2011年现代重工海洋工程新订单类型分布
2011年上半年现代重工海洋工程关键订单
2005-2011年STX收入与运营利润率
2007-2011年STX OSV收入与EBITDA率
2010年STX OSV收入业务分布
2009-9M/2011年STX OSV在手订单地域分布
2009-9M/2011年STX OSV在手订单船型分布
2007-9M/2011年STX OSV新订单与在手订单Value
2005-2011年Keppel收入与运营利润率
2005-9M 2011Keppel收入业务分布
2005-9M 2011Keppel运营利润业务分布
2005-2011年中远船务工程集团收入与运营利润率
2010年中远船务工程修船业务船型分布
2010年中远船务工程收入业务分布
Sembcorp Marine组织结构
2005-2011年Sembcorp收入与运营利润率
2005-2011年Sembcorp收入业务分布
2006-2011年Sembcorp Marine收入与运营利润率
2006-2010年Sembcorp Marine收入业务分布
2009-2010年Sembcorp Marine修船类型
Sembcorp 2010年Marine事业部订单类型
截止2011年11月3日，Sembcorp Marine合同金额与在手订单
2005-2011年DSME收入与运营利润率
2008-2010年DSME收入船型分布
2008-2010年DSME新订单船型分布
2008-2010年DSME在手订单船型分布

2011年5月全球在建海上油田一览
全球离岸油田产量增幅地区分布
MODEC运营FPSO、FSO、TLP工程一览
BW GROUP FLEET LIST
2011年11月底BW Offshore FPSO Detail List
Teekay Fleet List
Teekay FPSO List
Bluewater Energy Services FPSO List
马士基FPSO一览表 LIST
Bumi Armada4艘FPSO参数
巴西石油FPSO一览表
GVA320000. DATASHEET
2006-2010年中海油石油产量
2006-2010年中海油天然气产量
2010年3季度、2011年3季度中海油产量地域分布
中海油FPSO一览表
道达尔FPSO一览表
2008-2011年11月FPSO项目一览（包括Opertor Storage Capacity、Hull Fabricator、Topsides Fabricator）
2000-2011年全球FPS-SEMI一览
1976年-2011年现代重工海洋工程业绩
2010年STX大连造船财务数据
2011年9月底Keppel在手订单一览
2011年10月底DSME新订单、在手订单船型分布
Drydocks World改造 7艘FPSO

Global Oil Supply Sources, 1930-2030
Global Deepwater and Shallow Water Oil Supply, 2000-2030
Global Investment in Deepwater Area, 2006-2015
Global Deepwater Oilfield Development Zones
Number of Global Ultra Deepwater Oil Rigs, 2000-2014
Global Energy Supply by Type, 2010
Global Oil Prices and Offshore Oil Investment, 1960-2020
Global Oilfield Output by Region, 1980-2020
New Orders Breakdown of Global Floating Production Platform
Global Floating Production Platforms for Over 10 Years by Type, as of H1 2011
FPSO Topsides
Flow Chart of FPSO Topsides
Deepwater Oil Production Platform Breakdown by Manufacturers, 2010
Number of FPSOs by Operators Worldwide, Dec. 2011
Number of FPSOs by Region, Dec. 2011
Number of FPSOs Operated by Petroleum Companies, Dec. 2011
Global FPSO Operation Map, Aug. 2010
Revenue and Operating Income of MODEC, 2004-2011
Revenue and Net Income of MODEC, 2004-2011
Revenue and New Orders of MODEC, 2004-Sep. 2011
MODEC’s Order Backlogs, 2007-H1 2011
Revenue and Operating Margin of SBM Offshore, 2006-2011
Operating Mode of SBM Offshore
EBIT of SBM Offshore by Business, 2006-2010
New Orders of SBM Offshore by Business, 2006-2010
Revenue of SBM Offshore by Business, 2006-2010
Backlogs of SBM Offshore, 2006-2010
Revenue of SBM Offshore by Country, 2009-2010
Revenue and EBITDA Margin of BW Offshore, 2007-2011
Global FPSO Distribution of BW Offshore, by the End of Nov. 2011
Customers of BW Offshore, 2011
Revenue and Operating Margin of Teekay, 2006-2011
Structure of Teekay’s Affiliates
Revenue and EBITDA Margin of Bumi Armada, 2008-2011
Global Presence of Bumi Armada
Revenue of Bumi Armada by Division, Q3 2010 and 2011
Backlogs of Bumi Armada by Division, Q3 2011
Revenue and Gross Margin of Petrobras, 2006-2011
EBITDA of Petrobras by Division, 2010
Proved Reserves of Petrobras by Water Depth, 2010
Output of Petrobras by Water Depth, 1980-2010
Petrobras’ Major Projects, 2010-2015
Newly-added Production Facilities of Petrobras in Campos Basin, 2004-2010
Newly-added Production Facilities of Petrobras in Campos Basin, 2010-2015
Santos Pre-salt Oil Field Projects of Petrobras, 2011-2016
Development Phases of Petrobras’ Pre-salt Oil Fields, 2008-2017
Petrobras’ Demand for New Vessels and Equipments, 2011-2020
FPSO Operating Plan of Petrobras, 2011-2015
Global Oilfield Distribution of Royal Dutch Shell
Main Development Projects of Royal Dutch Shell, 2011-2020
Revenue and Operating Margin of CNOOC, 2006-2010
Proved Reserves of CNOOC by Region, Dec. 2011
Global FPS Investment by Region, 2004-2015
Global FPSO Investment by Region, 2004-2015
Global FPS-Semi Investment by Region, 2004-2015
Quantity of Newly-built and Converted FPSOs, 2000-2011
Global FPS Contract Quantity by Region, 2003-2015
Global FPS Contract Quantity by Type, 2011-2015
FPS Types in Africa and the Mediterranean, 2004-2015
FPSO Contract Quantity in Africa and the Mediterranean, 2011-2015
FPS Investment in Asia-Pacific Region by Type, 2004-2015
FPS Contract Quantity in Asia-Pacific Region by Type, 2011-2015
FPS Investment in North America by Type, 2004-2015
FPS Investment in South America by Type, 2004-2015
FPS Contract Quantity in South America by Type, 2011-2015
Market Size of LNG-FPSO, 2004-2015
Global FPS Investment by Type, 2004-2015
Market Share of Major FPSO Hull Fabricators, 2003-2011
Market Share of Major FPSO Hull Fabricators, 2003-2011
Market Share of Main FPSO Topsides Fabricators, 2003-2011
Market Share of Main FPSO Topsides Fabricators, 2003-2011
Market Share of FPSO Project Contractors, 2008- Nov. 2011
Global New FPS-SEMI Orders by Manufacturer, 2000-2011
Revenue and Operating Margin of Samsung Heavy Industries, 2005-2011
Revenue of Samsung Heavy Industries by Business, 2006-2010
Backlog Value of Samsung Heavy Industries, 2006-Oct. 2011
New Orders Breakdown of Samsung Heavy Industries by Type,2011
New Orders of Samsung Heavy Industries by Type, 2006-Oct. 2011
Order Backlogs of Samsung Heavy Industries by Type, Oct. 2011
Order Backlogs of Samsung Heavy Industries by Region, Oct. 2011
Global Presence of Samsung Heavy Industries
Revenue and Operating Margin of Hyundai Heavy Industries, 2005-2011
Revenue of Hyundai Heavy Industries by Division, 2010
Revenue of Hyundai Heavy Industries by Division, 2005-2011
New Shipbuilding Order Value of Hyundai Heavy Industries, 2001-2011
Shipbuilding Sales and New Order Value of Hyundai Heavy Industries, 2001-2011
Shipbuilding Revenue of Hyundai Heavy Industries by Product, 2010
New Orders of Hyundai Heavy Industries by Ship Type, Jul. 2011
Backlogs of Hyundai Heavy Industries by Ship Type, Jul. 2011
Shipbuilding Tonnage of Hyundai Heavy Industries by Plant, 2007-2011
Shipbuilding Quantity of Hyundai Heavy Industries by Plant, 2007-2011
Revenue and New Order Value of Offshore & Engineering of Hyundai Heavy Industries, 2005-2011
Revenue of Hyundai Heavy Industries by Product, 2010
New Orders of Offshore & Engineering of Hyundai Heavy Industries by Type, 2007-2011
Key Orders of Offshore & Engineering of Hyundai Heavy Industries, H1 2011
Revenue and Operating Margin of STX, 2005-2011
Revenue and EBITDA Margin of STX OSV, 2007-2011
Revenue of STX OSV by Business, 2010
Backlogs of STX OSV by Region, 2009-Sep. 2011
Backlogs of STX OSV by Ship Type, 2009-Sep. 2011
New Order and Backlog Value of STX OSV, 2007-Sep. 2011
Revenue and Operating Margin of Keppel, 2005-2011
Revenue of Keppel by Business, 2005-Sep. 2011
Operating Income of Keppel by Business, 2005-Sep. 2011
Revenue and Operating Margin of COSCO Shipyard Group, 2005-2011
Ship-repair Business of COSCO Shipyard by Ship Type, 2010
Revenue of COSCO Shipyard by Business, 2010
Organization of Sembcorp Marine
Revenue and Operating Margin of Sembcorp, 2005-2011
Revenue of Sembcorp by Business, 2005-2011
Revenue and Operating Margin of Sembcorp Marine, 2006-2011
Revenue of Sembcorp Marine by Business, 2006-2010
Ship-repair Business of Sembcorp Marine by Ship Type, 2009-2010
Order Type of Sembcorp Marine Division, 2010
Contract Value and Backlogs of Sembcorp Marine, as of Nov. 3, 2011
Revenue and Operating Margin of DSME, 2005-2011
Revenue of DSME by Ship Type, 2008-2010
New Orders of DSME by Ship Type, 2008-2010
Backlogs of DSME by Ship Type, 2008-2010

Global Offshore Oilfields under Construction, May 2011
Output Growth Rate of Global Offshore Oilfields by Region
FPSO, FSO and TLP Projects Operated by MODEC
BW Group Fleet List
BW Offshore FPSO Detail List, by the End of Nov. 2011
Teekay Fleet List
Teekay FPSO List
FPSO List of Bluewater Energy Services
Maersk FPSO List
Parameters of 4 FPSOs of Bumi Armada
Petrobras FPSO List
GVA320000. Datasheet
Oil Output of CNOOC, 2006-2010
Gas Output of CNOOC, 2006-2010
Output of CNOOC by Region, Q3 2010 and Q3 2011
FPSO List of CNOOC
FPSO List of Total
FPSO Projects (Including Operator, Storage Capacity, Hull Fabricator and Topsides Fabricator), 2008-Nov. 2011
List of FPS-SEMI Worldwide, 2000-2011
Performance Record of Hyundai Heavy Industries’ Offshore Business, 1976-2011
Financial Data of STX Dalian Shipbuilding, 2010
Backlogs of Keppel, by the End of Sep. 2011
New Orders and Backlogs of DSME by Ship Type, by the End of Oct. 2011
7 Converted FPSOs of Drydocks World